The following species have been recorded from Japan. The names in the list with serial numbers are keyed in the present paper. Those without numbers are either synonyms or species that do not actually occur in Japan.
- Cinara abietis (Matsumura, 1917): See 14, C. matsumurai Hille Ris Lambers.
1. Cinara cembrae (Seitner): The correct name for the Japanese specimens hitherto recorded as cembrae may be mongolica Szelegiewicz and Holman. The precise status of the two forms is unclear. Examination of the Inouye's collection preserved in the Hokkaido Branch, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, revealed that a specimen recorded as the male of cembrae by Inouye (1970: 78) is an alate viviparous female of a Pyrolachnus, a genus apparently not previously recorded from Japan, although known from China, Nepal, India, Thailand and Iran.
2. Cinara chibi Inouye, 1962: Placed as a subspecies of C. laricicola (Matsumura, 1917) by Inouye (1970). C. chibi may be based on small specimens of laricicola. They are also similar to C. cuneomaculata (Del Guercio, 1909) distributed in Eurasia and their separate identities need experimental or biochemical confirmation.
3. Cinara costata (Zetterstedt, 1928): Placed in the subgenus Cinaropsis Borner, 1939, by Inouye (1970), but costata is the type species of Lachniella Del Guercio, 1909, which has priority.
4. Cinara etsuhoe Inouye, 1970: Placed as a synonym of sorini Inouye, 1970, by Eastop and Hille Ris Lambers (1976) as it was thought etsuhoe was described from true apterae of sorini that was described from alatae and alatiform apterae. Further investigation including biochemical analysis is desirable.
- Cinara ezoana Inouye, 1936: Regarded as a subspecies of C. bogdanowi (Mordvilko, 1895) by Inouye (1970). It is generally accepted that C. bogdanowi is identical with C. pruinosa (Hartig, 1841). See also 21, C. pruinosa ezoana.
- Cinara fasciata (SHINJI, 1922): See 22, C. shinjii Inouye.
5. Cinara formosana (Takahashi, 1924): A short-haired member of the subgenus Cinarella also known from China and Thailand. Further synonymy is given by Eastop(1976: 8).
6. Cinara fresai Blanchard, 1939: Often confused with juniperi in literature. Both species occur in Japan.
- Cinara grossa (Kaltenbach, 1846): See 18, C. piceae (Panzer).
7. Cinara hattorii Kono & Inouye, 1930: The separation from C. longipennis (Matsumura, 1917) needs experimental confirmation.
8. Cinara horii Inouye, 1956
9. Cinara juniperi (De Geer, 1773): In the past often confused with C. fresai but both species are widespread, occurring in Japan, New Zealand and Europe.
- Cinara konoi Inouye, 1941: A synonym of Cinara hattorii Kono & Inouye, 1930.
10. Cinara kochi Inouye, 1939: Very similar to the European C. kochiana Borner, 1939, and their precise relationship is not evident.
- Cinara konoi Inouye, 1941: Synonymous with C. hattorii Kono & Inouye, 1930.
11. Cinara laricicola (Matsumura, 1917): Similar to the European C. cuneomaculata (Del Guercio, 1909) which is synonymous with C. boerneri Hille Ris Lambers, 1956 (= laricicola Borner, 1939).
12. Cinara laricis (Hartig, 1839): Japanese specimens have fewer siphuncular hairs and are often more heavily pigmented than European specimens suggesting that they are at least subspecifically distinct.
13. Cinara longipennis (Matsumura, 1917): C. hattorii could be a synonym of this species.
14. Cinara matsumurana Hille Ris Lambers, 1966: Matsumura (1917) described abietis which is homonymous with abietis Fitch, 1851, and a new name, matsumurana, was given by Hille Ris Lambers (1966).
- Cinara momii (SHINJI, 1924): Regarded as a synonym of C. longipennis (Matsumura, 1917) by Inouye (1956).
- Cinara mongolica Szelegiewicz and Holman, 1980: This may be the correct name for the Japanese specimens hitherto identified with C. cembrae (Seitner) (Blackman & Eastop, 1994: 625).
15. Cinara nopporoensis (Inouye, 1937): Originally described as a distinct species but later (Inouye, 1970) placed as a synonym of pilicornis to which it is very similar. As the hind tarsi of Japanese specimens are relatively rather shorter than in European specimens, nopporoensis is probably at least subspecifically distinct.
16. Cinara orientalis (Takahashi, 1925)
17. Cinara ozawai Inouye, 1970: Could be a synonym of C. taiwana (Takahashi, 1925), of which material is not available.
18. Cinara piceae (Panzer, 1801): Recorded from Japan also under the name of C. vanduzei (Swain, 1929) and C. grossa (Kaltenbach, 1846). Japanese specimens agree precisely with specimens from Europe and America suggesting that it has only recently been widely distributed.
- Cinara piceicola (Cholodkovsky, 1896): Danielsson (1987) discusses the confused nomenclature of piceicola. Inouye (1956) described horii as a new species for the taxon previously identified in Japan with piceicola.
- Cinara pilicornis (Hartig, 1841): As different chromosome numbers are reported, there is probably a complex of similar species, which includes nopporoensis.
- Cinara pinea (Mordvilko, 1895): See 20, C. piniformosana (Takahashi).
- Cinara pineti (Fabricius) of Koch, 1856: See 20, C. piniformosana (Takahashi).
- Cinara pinicola (Kaltenbach, 1843): Inouye (1970) identified the form formerly identified with C. pinicola (Kaltenbach) in Japan with C. pilicornis (Hartig).
19. Cinara pinidensiflorae (Essig & Kuwana, 1918): Similar to C. shinjii Inouye, their separate identity requiring confirmation.
20. Cinara piniformosana (Takahashi, 1923): This species was recorded from Japan as C. pinea (Mordvilko) and C. pineti (Koch) which is synonymous with pinea. Inouye (1970) identified the Japanese form with C. piniformosana.
21. Cinara pruinosa ezoana Inouye, 1936: C. pruinosa (Hartig) was originally described from Germany. Populations have also been described as bogdanowi Mordvilko, 1895 from Poland, radicicola Wellenstein, 1930 from roots in Germany, intermedia Pasek, 1954 from Czechoslovakia, and palmerae Gillette, 1917 from Colorado, USA. Again biochemical investigation could show whether the slightly different biologies reported for these forms distributed in Eurasia and N. America have any taxonomic significance.
22. Cinara shinjii Inouye, 1938: Shinji (1922) described Lachnus fasciatus which is homonymous with fasciatus Burmeister, 1835, and a new name, shinjii, was given by Inouye (1938). Similar enough to C. pinidensiflorae to require experimental confirmation of its separate identity.
23. Cinara sorini Inouye, 1970: C. etsuhoe may well prove to be a synonym.
- Cinara taeniata (Koch, 1857): Inouye (1970) identified the species previously referred to in Japan as C. taeniata with C. laricicola (Matsumura).
24. Cinara todocola (Inouye, 1936): The usual hosts are Abies spp. but for similar specimens on Torreya and Tsuga see Cinara sp. E (no. 31).
- Cinara todoe SHINJI, 1941: Regarded as synonymous with Cinara todocola (Inouye, 1936) by Inouye(1970).
25. Cinara tujafilina (Del Guercio, 1909): Probably the most widely distributed species of Cinara and probably distributed by commerce on ornamental Cupressaceae. Its most favoured host is Thuja orientalis but it also occur on Callitris spp. and more rarely other Cupressaceae.
- Cinara vanduzei (Swain, 1919): See C. piceae (Panzer).
26. Cinara watanabei Inouye, 1970: A Pinus-feeding species in which the alatae have unusually numerous (21-23) rhinaria on the 3rd antennal segment.
27. Cinara sp. A: Single alata collected from Abies sachalinensis (Koshunai, Bibai, Hokkaido, 27-vi-1969, M. Miyazaki 2634). Generally similar to todocola but differing in a number of proportions.
28. Cinara sp. B: A single aptera collected from Pinus sp., Koshuka, 2-iv-1960, R. Takahashi, now in Hokkaido University collection. Probably a fundatrix of the C. (Cinarella) maritimae/watsoni group, possibly piniformosana.
29. Cinara sp. C: Two apterae from Abies firma (Kinkazan, Miyagi Pref., 5-vii-1966, Z. Yamashita).
30. Cinara sp. D: Two apterae and two alatae from Picea jezoensis (Lake Shikotsu, Hokkaido, 23-v-1964, M. Miyazaki 323).
31. Cinara sp. E: From Torreya and Tsuga. This could be C. taiwana (Takahashi, 1925) of which material is not available. It could also be a starvation form of C. todocola, feeding on the wrong host (6 apterae, ?Abies, Utsunomiya, 3-viii-1962, R. Takahashi, 2 apterae, Tsuga, Mt. Futatabi, nr. Kobe, 22-x-1963, M. Sorin, 2 apterae, Torreya nucifera, Shinaji, Ise, Mie, M. Sorin).
