農業環境技術研究所

最終更新日: 2015年2月23日

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2月の公開セミナー

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公開セミナー開催記録
2月9日(月曜日)平成26年度 土壌環境研究領域セミナー

2月10日(火曜日) 国際窒素セミナー
Int'l Seminar on Nitrogen Loads to the Environment:
How We Evaluate and Highlight the Nature of the Issue

2月12日(木曜日)平成26年度 生物多様性研究領域セミナー 第6回

2月17日(火曜日)物質循環研究領域&インベントリーセンター合同セミナー
Seminar on "Experimental databases and web tool for managing agricultural greenhouse gases"
「農耕地の温室効果ガスをマネジメントする~データベースとWebツールの話~」

2月25日(水曜日)物質循環研究領域セミナー(平成26年度第9回)
「農耕地の温室効果ガスをマネジメントする~N2Oプロセスモデルの話~」
Seminar on “N2O process-based models for managing agricultural greenhouse gases"

2月26日(木曜日)第552回気象談話会

平成26年度 土壌環境研究領域セミナー

日時: 平成27年2月9日(月曜日)
10:30~12:00
場所: 547会議室(農環研本館5階)
テーマ 講演者 連絡先
バクテリアヒ素耐性遺伝子群と環境における有機ヒ素循環 吉永 雅史
井倉
電話 838-8433
石川
電話 838-8270
要旨

ヒ素は環境中に広く見られる元素であり、その高い毒性から深刻な健康障害を世界中で引き起こしているが、その環境における形態変化のメカニズムについてはまだ不明な点が多い。ヒ素の生物地球化学的循環において、微生物は重要な役割を持っており、環境中では微生物の働きを通じて様々な形態変化が引き起こされている。ヒ素は形態によってその毒性が著しく変化するため、これら形態変化に関わるメカニズムの理解は、ヒ素が環境に与える影響を正確に評価する上で必要不可欠である。われわれの研究グループでは、バクテリアのヒ素耐性遺伝子の分子機構を中心に研究を行っており、近年の研究によって、その存在が知られながらも長らく機能が不明であったヒ素耐性遺伝子群が、有機ヒ素化合物の形態変化や排出に関わっていることが明らかになってきた。本発表では、それら遺伝子群の研究成果について報告する。発表の前半では、メチルヒ素の循環に関わる遺伝子群について、後半では、有機ヒ素耐性遺伝子群を中心に、機能未解明の遺伝子群についても予測される機能についての仮説も交え、現在進行形の研究について紹介する。

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国際窒素セミナー
Int'l Seminar on Nitrogen Loads to the Environment:
How We Evaluate and Highlight the Nature of the Issue

日時: 平成27年2月10日(火曜日)
13:30~17:15
場所: 農業環境技術研究所547会議室

プログラム

このセミナーは,農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局の平成26年度国際共同研究推進事業「農業生産の環境影響総合評価システムの構築に係る海外との共同研究に向けた調査」および同委託プロジェクト研究・気候変動対策プロジェクトA-1系「農林水産分野における温暖化緩和技術及び適応技術の開発」により外国人招へい旅費の支援を受けて開催するものです.
This seminar is sponsored by the MAFF Project for Promoting International Research Collaboration (FY2014) “Feasibility Study on International Collaborative Research for Developing Environmental Impact Assessment System of Agricultural Production” and by the MAFF Research Program (FY2010-2014) “Evaluation, Adaptation and Mitigation of Global Warming in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries: Research and Development”.

プログラム:

13:30-13:35 Opening address

13:35-14:20 The International Nitrogen Initiative and its Global Activities

Dr. Albert Bleeker

Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

14:20-15:05 N Budget, Its Agronomic Effect and Environmental Impacts in China

Prof. Xiaoyuan Yan

Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science

15:05-15:30 Coffee/Tea Break

15:30-16:10 Effluent Nitrogen Loads from Croplands in Japan

Dr. Sadao Eguchi

National Institute for Agro-Envonmental Sciences

16:10-16:50 Nitrogen Loads to the Atmosphere from Croplands in Japan

Dr. Kentaro Hayashi

National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences

16:50-17:15 General discussion

17:45-19:45 意見交換会 Social gathering


セミナー企画担当および参加申し込み:
江口定夫・林健太郎(農業環境技術研究所物質循環研究領域)
参加希望者は林(kentaroh@affrc.go.jp)まで「国際窒素セミナー参加希望」あるいは「国際窒素セミナー+意見交換会参加希望」の旨をお知らせください.意見交換会のみ会費(予価3000円)をいただきます.
Co-organizers: Drs. Sadao Eguchi and Kentaro Hayashi (Carbon and Nutrient Cycles Division, NIAES)
If you are interested in the seminar, please send e-mail to Dr. Hayashi (kentaroh@affrc.go.jp) with information whether you will attend the seminar or the seminar and social gathering. It will cost you \3000 for the social gathering.


講演要旨 Abstracts:
Dr. Albert Bleeker
Title: The International Nitrogen Initiative and its Global Activities
Abstract: The overall goal of the International Nitrogen Initiative (INI in short) is to optimize nitrogen's beneficial role in sustainable food production and to minimize nitrogen's negative effects on human health and the environment resulting from food and energy production. Through its five regional centres and its global activities INI tries to work on these different nitrogen issues. This presentation will give some background in the INI (vision, mission, structure), the various activities INI is and was involved in and the plans for the future.

Prof. Xiaoyuan Yan
Title: N Budget, Its Agronomic Effect and Environmental Impacts in China
Abstract: We evaluated nitrogen (N) input and output in mainland China using temporally and spatially-based land use maps and statistical data for year 1980-2007. The results showed that chemical fertilizer dominated the N input. Biological N fixation was the second important N input till 1990 and atmospheric deposition became the second most important source after that. More than half of the total N was denitrified or stored in the system. Ammonia volatilization accounted for 18.9-22.9 % of the total N input, and N export to water bodies accounted for 17.9-20.7%. About 5.1-7.7% of the N input was emitted to the atmosphere through biomass burning. When calculated per unit area, total N input, N export to water bodies, denitrification and storage could be very well explained by human population density. Nitrogen input and major outputs were also positively related to per capita Gross Domestic Product and the percentage of total land area used as cropland. For the crop production system, total N-induced benefit was estimated at 1.15×1012 yuan for year 2000, while the N-induced environmental cost was almost equal. However, there are large uncertainties in the cost-benefit analysis, especially in the cost evaluation of the various N-induced environmental impacts.

Dr. Sadao Eguchi
Title: Effluent Nitrogen Loads from Croplands in Japan
Abstract: Nitrogen (N) surplus per unit cropland area in Japan has already decreased to about a half of that in 1985; however, croplands continue to be the major source of effluent N from agricultural watersheds. This presentation tries to illustrate the actual conditions of N surplus, accumulation, discharge, and removal at cropland fields and agricultural watersheds in Japan based on available literature and database. Possible countermeasures effective to reduce the effluent N loads to groundwater and surface water systems will also be discussed.

Dr. Kentaro Hayashi
Title: Nitrogen Loads to the Atmosphere from Croplands in Japan
Abstract: Croplands can be a source of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (N) important in environmental consequences. Ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O), and particles containing N are main reactive N involved in cropland emissions. Applications of N fertilizers are an essential cause of NH3 emissions. Cropland emissions of N2O are resulted from nitrification and denitrification, which are subject to availability of N, oxygen, and organic matters in soils strongly affected by interactions among soil-plant-microbes. Open field burning of crop residues induces emissions of various gases and particles, and can be a primary and secondary source of atmospheric particulate matters. In my presentation, the current knowledge of these cropland emissions in Japan will be summarized, and then knowledge gaps to be addressed for better understanding of N loads to the atmosphere from croplands will be discussed.

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平成26年度 生物多様性研究領域セミナー 
第6回

日時: 平成27年2月12日(木曜日)
15:00~17:00
場所: 547会議室(農環研本館5階)
テーマ 講演者 連絡先
四十余年、虫・研究三昧 田中幸一
芝池
電話 838-8271
要旨

研究らしきことを始めて四十年余りになるが、この間ずっと虫と研究三昧の日々であった。農水省に入省後は、九州農業試験場(現在の九州沖縄農業研究センター)に9年半、農業環境技術研究所に17年間所属し、イネウンカ類の天敵を材料として個体群動態・天敵としての働き・殺虫剤の影響、トビイロウンカの抵抗性イネ品種に対する適応、スクミリンゴガイの個体群動態、外来昆虫(ブタクサハムシ)の移動分散・移入地環境への適応、ため池のトンボの個体群動態・群集構造、農地の生物多様性の指標開発、生物多様性の機能・活用、ビオトープの水生昆虫相の変化、水田の節足動物群集に対する農法・景観の影響など、振り返ってみると意外に多くの研究に従事してきた。このセミナーでは、これらの課題のなかから、いくつかトピックスを取り上げて、お話をしたい。それと合わせて、生活環境の変化(子育てなど)による生活スタイルや研究スタイルの変化、研究のモチベーションなどについて雑感を述べてみたい。

このページの先頭ヘ

物質循環研究領域&インベントリーセンター合同セミナー
Seminar on "Experimental databases and web tool for managing agricultural greenhouse gases"
「農耕地の温室効果ガスをマネジメントする~データベースとWebツールの話~」

日時: 平成27年2月17日(火曜日)
13:30~16:30
場所: 農業環境技術研究所547会議室

プログラム

[このセミナーは,農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局の平成26年度国際共同研究推進事業「農業生産の環境影響総合評価システムの構築に係る海外との共同研究に向けた調査」により外国人招へい旅費の支援を受けて開催するものです.This seminar is sponsored by the MAFF Project for Promoting International Research Collaboration (FY2014) “Feasibility Study on International Collaborative Research for Developing Environmental Impact Assessment System of Agricultural Production”.]

プログラム:

13:30-13:40 Opening address (Dr. Ayaka W. Kishimoto-Mo)

13:40-14:20 1. “Coordinated agricultural research through GRACEnet to address our

changing climate - lessons from GRACEnet and future vision for MAGGnet”

- summary of lessons from GRACEnet ? the Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network?, and introduce its implication to the GRA greenhouse gas database (MAGGnet).

Dr. Mark A. Liebig

USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research laboratory (Mandan, ND, USA)

14:20-15:10 2. What is the “data base integration“?

- introduce the concept and application of the integrated database in NIAES and show some specific contents based on the database (e.g. "Visible-CO2" website)

Dr. Takeshi Osawa

NIAES, Natural Resources Inventory Center (Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan)

15:10-15:30 Coffee/Tea Break

15:30-16:10 3. “Croplands Research Group of the Global Research Alliance on

Agricultural Greenhouse Gases”

- summary of group activities, immediate and future plans, and synergies with other groups

Dr. Alan J. Franzulebbers

USDA-ARS Soil Southeast Area, Plant Science Research Unit (Raleigh, NC, USA)

4. “Flush of CO2 following rewetting of dried soil as a biological indicator of soil health”

- presentation on using the flush of CO2 as a rapid and robust method to determine soil microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization

16:10-16:30 General discussion

18:30-20:30 意見交換会 Social gathering


セミナー後の「意見交換会」の参加希望者は2月16日まで岸本(mow@affrc.go.jp)までお知らせください(場所はDayzTown近辺、会費3500円程度を考えています)。 Please send an email to Dr. Kishimoto (mow@affrc.go.jp) by Feb 16 if you would like to attend the social gathering after seminar (Fee \3500, restaurant around DayzTown).

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物質循環研究領域セミナー(平成26年度第9回)
「農耕地の温室効果ガスをマネジメントする~N2Oプロセスモデルの話~」
Seminar on “N2O process-based models for managing agricultural greenhouse gases"

日時: 平成27年2月25日(水曜日)
13:30~16:40
場所: 農業環境技術研究所547会議室

プログラム

[このセミナーは,農林水産省農林水産技術会議事務局の平成26年度国際共同研究推進事業「農業生産の環境影響総合評価システムの構築に係る海外との共同研究に向けた調査」により外国人招へい旅費の支援を受けて開催するものです.
This seminar is sponsored by the MAFF Project for Promoting International Research Collaboration (FY2014) “Feasibility Study on International Collaborative Research for Developing Environmental Impact Assessment System of Agricultural Production”.]

プログラム(program):Time for each speaker is tentative(演者の時間配分は変更の可能性あり)

13:30-13:50 Opening address(Dr. Ayaka W. Kishimoto-Mo)

-A short presentation for explain the background of improving DNDC for Andosols and what outcome we want to achieve through this cooperative work.

13:50-14:50 1. “Modelling N2O emission from agricultural soils”

-How well can process-based models simulate GHG emissions from soils? What must be improved in the future? How GRAMP platform could help in improving model predictions? This presentation comprises of comparison of different processes in different models, and reviewing several ecosystem progresses in process-based models for predicting GHG emissions from agro-ecosystems and GRAMP (Please sees Abstract for details)

Dr. Jagadeesh Yeluripati

The James Hutton Institute, Information and Computational Sciences Group (Aberdeen, Scotland, UK)

14:50-15:20 Coffee/Tea Break

15:20-15:50 2.“Simulation of N2O emission by the DNDC-Rice model:

the most sensitive parameters und uncertainty”

Dr. Tamon Fumoto

NIAES, Carbon and Nutrient Cycles Division (Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan)

15:50-16:20 3. “Modifying the LEACHM model for process-based prediction of

nitrate leaching from cropped Andosols”

Dr. Sadao Eguchi

National Institute for Agro-Envonmental Sciences

16:10-16:50 Nitrogen Loads to the Atmosphere from Croplands in Japan

-Presentation on use, parameterization and validation of the modified LEACHM (Leaching Estimation And CHemistry Model) for Andosols which are characterized by slow soil organic carbon mineralization and nitrate adsorption.

Dr. Kei Asada

NIAES, Carbon and Nutrient Cycles Division (Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan)

16:20-16:40 General discussion

18:30-20:30 意見交換会 Social gathering


セミナー後の「意見交換会」の参加希望者は2月23日まで岸本(mow@affrc.go.jp)までお知らせください(つくば・土浦周辺のベジタリアンレストラン(場所不便、自家用車必要)、会費3500円程度を考えています)。
Please send an email to Dr. Kishimoto (mow@affrc.go.jp) by Feb 23 if you would like to attend the social gathering after seminar (Fee \3500, Vegetarian restaurant around Tsukuba, inconvenient assessment).


Abstract (Dr. Jagadeesh Yeluripati)
Title: “Modelling N2O emission from agricultural soils” ? How well can process-based models simulate GHG emissions from soils? What must be improved in the future? How GRAMP platform could help in improving model predictions? This presentation comprises of comparison of different processes in different models, and reviewing several ecosystem progresses in process-based models for predicting GHG emissions from agro-ecosystems and GRAMP.

Carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) process-based models are important tools for estimating and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and changes in soil C stocks. There is a need for continuous evaluation, development and adaptation of these models to improve scientific understanding, national inventories and assessment of mitigation options across the world. To date, much of the information needed to describe different processes like transpiration, photosynthesis, plant growth and maintenance, above and below ground carbon dynamics, decomposition and nitrogen mineralization. In ecosystem models remains inaccessible to the wider community, being stored within model computer source code, or held internally by modelling teams. Here we describe the Global Research Alliance Modelling Platform (GRAMP), a web-based modelling platform to link researchers with appropriate datasets, models and training material. It will provide access to model source code and an interactive platform for researchers to form a consensus on existing methods, and to synthesize new ideas, which will help to advance progress in this area. The platform will eventually support a variety of models, but to trial the platform and test the architecture and functionality, it was piloted with variants of the DNDC model. The intention is to form a worldwide collaborative network (a virtual laboratory) via an interactive website with access to models and best practice guidelines; appropriate datasets for testing, calibrating and evaluating models; on-line tutorials and links to modelling and data provider research groups, and their associated publications. A graphical user interface has been designed to view the model development tree and access all of the above functions.

Please check GRAMP website -> http://gramp.org.uk/2015_0225_seminar_N2Omodel[PDF]

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第552回気象談話会

日時: 平成27年2月26日(木曜日)
13:30~15:30
場所: 農環研 研究本館5F 547会議室
テーマ 講演者 連絡先
MMLR-SD for multi-surface climate elements over Japan by using the general circulation field from reanalysis datasets, GCMs and RCMs Motoki NISHIMORI
(Agro-Meteorology Division, NIAES)
小野
電話 838-8239
要旨

Multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) is employed for statistically downscaling of local-scale surface air temperature (Tm), precipitation (Pr) and global solar radiation (Sr) over Japan. We compared and validated our results with direct outputs or bias-corrected dynamical downscaled (DD; RCMs-derived) data driven by the JRA-25 reanalysis dataset as same boundary conditions as the SD. As the results, our MMLR-SD method has good estimation relative to the DDs’ results even on daily time-scale.

Next, we examined MMLR-SD based on dynamically downscaled predictors, and the results are validated not only on Tm, Pr and Sr, but also on agriculture-related elements such as accumulated temperature and integrated solar radiation for crop growth periods.

このページの先頭ヘ

第552回気象談話会

日時: 平成27年2月26日(木曜日)
13:30~15:30
場所: 農環研 研究本館5F 547会議室
テーマ 講演者 連絡先
MMLR-SD for multi-surface climate elements over Japan by using the general circulation field from reanalysis datasets, GCMs and RCMs Motoki NISHIMORI
(Agro-Meteorology Division, NIAES)
小野
電話 838-8239
要旨

Multivariate multiple linear regression (MMLR) is employed for statistically downscaling of local-scale surface air temperature (Tm), precipitation (Pr) and global solar radiation (Sr) over Japan. We compared and validated our results with direct outputs or bias-corrected dynamical downscaled (DD; RCMs-derived) data driven by the JRA-25 reanalysis dataset as same boundary conditions as the SD. As the results, our MMLR-SD method has good estimation relative to the DDs’ results even on daily time-scale.

Next, we examined MMLR-SD based on dynamically downscaled predictors, and the results are validated not only on Tm, Pr and Sr, but also on agriculture-related elements such as accumulated temperature and integrated solar radiation for crop growth periods.

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305-8604 茨城県つくば市観音台 3-1-3
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