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| Country or region name | Japan |
| Organism group | fungus |
| Order name | Peronosporales |
| Family name | Pythiaceae |
| Species name | Phytophthora infestans |
| English common name | potato late blight fungus |
| Substantially same species (synonym) | |
| Year of invasion or detection | 1900 |
| Native region | Central and South America |
| Situation of establishment | Category 1: Settled before 1950 |
| Taxonomic description | |
| The genus Phytophthora belongs to Pythiaceae, Peronosporales, Oomycetes, Heterokontophyta, Chromista,
Eukaryota. The Oomycetes had been classified in the kingdom Fungi before,
and so, Phytophthora species are called fungus-like organisms.
Phytophthora species produce sexual spores (oospores) and asexual spores (zoospores). The morphological characters of sex organs (oogonia and antheridia) and zoosporangia are used for grouping Phytophthora species (Waterhouse, 1963). Molecular techniques are available for identification of Phytophthora species. See PhytID - Identification of Plant Pathogenic Phytophthora Species by ITS Fingerprinting and Phytophthora Database. There is genetic diversity among isolates of Phytophthora infestans. A few genotypes have been found in Japan (Mosa et al., 1989; Kato et al., 1998; Akino et al., 2004). |
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| Expansion of distribution area | |
| Phytophthora infestans overwinters as mycelium in potato tubers. Domestic trade of tubers for seed aids the dispersal of P. infestans. | |
| Environmental impact | |
| unknown | |
| Economic damage | |
| About 29.2% (26,874ha) of potato fields in Japan were infested in 2002. | |
| Reproduction | |
| Primary infection is caused by diseased tubers. Further spread takes place by airborne or waterborne sporangia. | |
| Growth | |
| Field infection is most successful under cool, moist conditions. Production of sporangia is most rapid at 100% relative humidity and at 21 C. | |
| Countermeasure | |
| Chemical control by means of metalaxyl, oxadixyl, fluazinam, chlorothalonil, maneb, or mancozeb is available. Use of blight-free seed potatoes and resistant cultivars is recommended where possible. See EUCABLIGHT for the protocols of host resistance tests. | |
| Writer's name and affiliation | |
| Ikuko OKABE, National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences. (Written in December 2004) | |
| Organism group | plant |
| Order name | Solanales |
| Family name | Solanaceae |
| Species name | Solanum tuberosum |
| English common name | potato |
| Substantially same species (synonym) |
| Organism group | plant |
| Order name | Polemoniales |
| Family name | Solanaceae |
| Species name | Lycopersicon esculentum |
| English common name | tomato |
| Substantially same species (synonym) |
| Organism group | plant |
| Order name | Solanales |
| Family name | Solanaceae |
| Species name | Solanum melongena |
| English common name | eggplant |
| Substantially same species (synonym) |
| No. | Kind of Photo | Photo | Name of copyright holder and explanation of photo |
| 1 | Alien species |  |
© Akino, S. Sporangia of Phytophthora infestans. |
| 2 | Alien species |  |
© Akino, S. Oospore with antheridium. |
| 3 | Damage |  |
© Akino, S. Potato leaves infected with Phytophthora infestans. |
| 1 | Author | Akino, S., K. Gotoh, R. Nishimura, A. Maeda, S. Naito and A. Ogoshi |
| Year | 2004 | |
| Title | Comparison of Chinese and Japanese A1 isolates of Phytophthora infestans | |
| Magazine | Journal of General Plant Pathology | |
| Volume | 70 | |
| Number | ||
| Page | 212-214 | |
| Summary | ||
| Key Word | allozymes, DNA fingerprinting, mating type, mitochondrial DNA haplotypes, population genetics | |
| 2 | Author | Kato, M., N. Sato, K. Takahashi and T. Shimanuki |
| Year | 1998 | |
| Title | Yearly change of frequency and geographical distribution of A2 mating type isolates of Phytophthora infestans in Japan from 1987 to 1993 | |
| Magazine | Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan | |
| Volume | 64 | |
| Number | 3 | |
| Page | 168-174 | |
| Summary | ||
| Key Word | Phytophthora infestans, mating type, distribution, potato, tomato | |
| 3 | Author | Kusano, S. |
| Year | 1901 | |
| Title | Occurrence of Phytophthora fungus that causes potato disease in Japan. | |
| Magazine | Botanical Magazine | |
| Volume | 15 | |
| Number | 167 | |
| Page | 1-3 | |
| Summary | ||
| Key Word | Phytophthora | |
| 4 | Author | Mosa, A. A., M. Kato, N. Sato, K. Kobayashi and A. Ogoshi |
| Year | 1989 | |
| Title | Occurrenceof the A2 mating type of Phytophthora infestans on potato in Japan | |
| Magazine | Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan | |
| Volume | 55 | |
| Number | 5 | |
| Page | 615-620 | |
| Summary | ||
| Key Word | potato, Phytophthora infestans, A2 mating type | |
| 5 | Author | Nomura, H. |
| Year | 1901 | |
| Title | Potato late blight in Nagano Prefecture. | |
| Magazine | National Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin | |
| Volume | 18 | |
| Number | ||
| Page | 85-92 | |
| Summary | ||
| Key Word | Phytophthora | |
| 6 | Author | Waterhouse, G. M. |
| Year | 1963 | |
| Title | Key to the species of Phytophthora de Bary | |
| Magazine | Mycological Papers | |
| Volume | 92 | |
| Number | ||
| Page | 1-22 | |
| Summary | ||
| Key Word | Phytophthora | |
| No. | Habitat |
| 1 | vegetable field |
| Copyright (C) 2007 National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences. All rights reserved. |