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食品のサンプリングに関するガイダンス
 
ガイダンスの目的

サンプリング基礎

サンプリング手法
実施前のチェックリスト
理論的サンプル数
  基本事項
平均値推定の場合
比率推定の場合
 ・ サンプリング計画の評価手順
  アフラトキシン検査のサンプリング
OC曲線
OC曲線に必要な情報
OC曲線の作成
偽陽性率と偽陰性率の計算
推定精度の評価
  正規分布を用いた方法
ブートストラップ法
かび毒の計画立案
発生率と見逃し率
複数ロットの混合
報告書記載事項
 
 
参考文献
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食品のサンプリングに関するガイダンス > 参考文献

参考文献

 

参考書

FAO (1993). Sampling plans for aflatoxin analysis in peanuts and corn. Food and Nutrition
Paper 55, ISBN: 9251033951, 1225円.

JISハンドブック 品質管理(2006).日本規格協会,ISBN: 4-542-17455-7 ,7560円.

加藤 洋一 (著),鐵 健司 (編集) (2000).サンプリングと抜取検査.[新版]QC入門講座9.日本規格協会,ISBN: 4542502597,1300円.

森口繁一 (編) (1989).新編 統計的方法 改訂版.日本規格協会,ISBN: 4542502228,1600円.

西平重喜 (1985).統計調査法 改訂版.培風館,ISBN: 456300328X,1800円.

神保雅一 , 田中昌一, 三輪哲久, 北田修一, 宮川雅巳 (2002).データサンプリング.共立出版, ISBN: 4320120019,3465円.

Cochran, W.G. (1977). Sampling Techniques 3rd ed.. John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 047116240X

Thompson, S.K. (2002). Sampling 2nd ed.. John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0471291161

Govindarajulu, Z. (1999). Elements of Sampling Theory and Methods. Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0137435762

FAO (1989). Sampling Methods for Agricultural Surveys. ISBN: 925102748X

 

JIS サンプリング関係

JIS Z 8101-1:1999. 統計−用語と記号−第1部:確率及び一般統計用語(MOD ISO 3534-1)

JIS Z 8101-2:1999. 統計−用語と記号−第2部:統計的品質管理用語 (MOD ISO 3534-2)

JIS Z 8101-3:1999. 統計−用語と記号−第3部:実験計画法 (MOD ISO/FDIS 3534-3)

JIS Z 9002:1956. 計数基準型一回抜取検査(不良個数の場合)(抜取検査その2)

JIS Z 9003:1979. 計量基準型一回抜取検査(標準偏差既知でロットの平均値を保証場合及び標準偏差既知でロットの不良率を保証する場合)

JIS Z 9004:1983. 計量基準型一回抜取検査(標準偏差未知で上限又は下限規格値だけ規定した場合)

JIS Z 9009:1999. 計数値検査のための逐次抜取方式 (IDT ISO 8422)

JIS Z 9010:1999. 計量値検査のための逐次抜取方式(不適合品パーセント、標準偏差既知) (IDT ISO 8423)

JIS Z 9015-0:1999. 計数値検査に対する抜取検査手順−第0部:JIS Z 9015抜取検査システム序論 (IDT ISO 2859-0)

JIS Z 9015-1:1999. 計数値検査に対する抜取検査手順−第1部:ロットごとの検査に対するAQL指標型抜取検査方式 (IDT ISO/DIS 2859-1,2)

JIS Z 9015-2:1999. 計数値検査に対する抜取検査手順−第2部:孤立ロットの検査に対するLQ指標型抜取検査方式 (IDT ISO 2859-2)

JIS Z 9015-3:1999. 計数値検査に対する抜取検査手順−第3部:スキップロット抜取検査手順 (IDT ISO 2859-3)

 

Codex Sampling関連

CAC/GL 50-2004. General guidelines on sampling

Codex STAN 209-1999, Rev.1-2001. Maximum level and sampling plan for total aflatoxins in peanuts intended for further processing.

CODEX STAN 234-1999. Recommended methods of analysis and sampling. Part I Methods of analysis and sampling by alphabetical order of commodity categories and names.

CAC/GL 33-1999. Recommended Methods of Sampling for Pesticide Residues for the Determination of Compliance with MRLs

 

WHO Sampling関連

WHO (2003). Food contamination monitoring and assessment programme (GEMS/FOOD), Instructions for electronic submission of data on chemical contaminants in food and the diet

 

ISO Sampling関連規格

ISO 2859-4:2002 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes -- Part 4: Procedures for assessment of declared quality levels

ISO 3951:1989 Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconforming

ISO 7002:1986 Agricultural food products -- Layout for a standard method of sampling from a lot

ISO/TR 8550:1994 Guide for the selection of an acceptance sampling system, scheme or plan for inspection of discrete items in lots

ISO 10725:2000 Acceptance sampling plans and procedures for the inspection of bulk materials

ISO 11648-1:2003 Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials -- Part 1: General principles

ISO 11648-2:2001 Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials -- Part 2: Sampling of particulate

ISO 542:1990 Oilseeds -- Sampling

ISO 707:1997 Milk and milk products -- Guidance on sampling

ISO 874:1980 Fresh fruits and vegetables -- Sampling

ISO 948:1980 Spices and condiments Sampling

SO 1839:1980 Tea -- Sampling

ISO 2292:1973 Cocoa beans -- Sampling

ISO 4072:1982 Green coffee in bags -- Sampling

ISO 4874:2000 Tobacco -- Sampling of batches of raw material -- General principles

ISO 5500:1986 Oilseed residues -- Sampling

ISO 5538:1987 Milk and milk products -- Sampling -- Inspection by attributes

ISO 5555:2001 Animal and vegetable fats and oils -- Sampling

ISO 5667-1:1980 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes

ISO 5667-2:1991 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques

ISO 5667-3:1994 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 3: Guidance on the preservation and handling of samples

ISO 5667-5:1991 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water and water used for food and beverage processing

ISO 5667-16:1998 Water quality -- Sampling -- Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples

ISO 6497:2002 Animal feeding stuffs -- Sampling

ISO 6644:2002 Flowing cereals and milled cereal products -- Automatic sampling by mechanical means

ISO 6670:2002 Instant coffee -- Sampling method for bulk units with liners

ISO 7516:1984 Instant tea in solid form -- Sampling

ISO 8197:1988 Milk and milk products -- Sampling -- Inspection by variables

ISO 17604:2003 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs -- Carcass sampling for microbiological analysis

 

食品のサンプリング関連の論文
Ambrus, A.and Soboleva, E. (2004). Contribution of sampling to the variability of pesticide residue data. J. AOAC Int. 87, 1368-1379.

Cocker, R.D., Nagler, M.J., Defize, P.R., Derksen, G.B., Buchholz, H., Putzka, H.A., Hoogland, H.P., Roos, A.H., and Boenke, A. (2000). Sampling plans for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in large shipments of animal feedstuffs. J. AOAC Int. 83, 1252-1258.

Freese, L., Friedrich, R., Kendall, D., and Tanner, S. (2000). Variability of deoxynivalenol measurements in barley. J. AOAC Int. 83,1259-1263.

Giesbrecht, F.G. and Whitaker, T.B. (1998). Investigations of the problems of assessing aflatoxin levels in peanuts. Biometrics, 54, 739-753.

Horwitz, W. (2003). The certainty of uncertainty. J. AOAC Int. 86,109-111.

Johansson, A.S., Whitaker, T.B., Hagler, Jr., W.M., Giesbrecht, F.G., Young, J.H., and Bowman, D.T. (2000a). Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, part I: estimation of variance components. J. AOAC Int. 83, 1264-1269.

Johansson, A.S., Whitaker, T.B., Giesbrecht, F.G., Hagler, Jr., W.M., and Young, J.H. (2000b). Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, part II: modeling the observed distribution of aflatoxin test results. J. AOAC Int. 83, 1270-1278.

Johansson, A.S., Whitaker, T.B., Giesbrecht, F.G., Hagler, Jr., W.M., and Young, J.H. (2000c). Testing shelled corn for aflatoxin, part III: evaluating the performance of aflatoxin sampling plans. J. AOAC Int. 83, 1279-1284.

Park, D.L., Whitaker, T.B., Giesbrecht, F.G., and Njapau, H. (2000). Performance of three pneumatic probe samplers and four analytical methods used to estimate aflatoxins in bulk cottonseed. J. AOAC Int. 83, 1247-1251.

Vandeven, M., Whitaker, T., and Slate, A. (2002). Statistical approach for risk assessment of aflatoxin sampling plan used by manufacturers for rawshelled peanuts. J. AOAC Int. 85, 925-932.

Whitaker, T.B.,and Wiser, E.H. (1969). Theoretical investigations into the accuracy of sampling shelled peanuts for aflatoxin. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 46, 377-379.

Whitaker, T.B.,and Dickens, J.W. (1972). Comparison of the observed distribution of aflatoxin in shelled peanuts to the negative binomial distribution. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 49, 590-593.

Whitaker, T.B.,and Dickens, J.W. (1974). Variability of aflatoxin test results. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 51, 214-218.

Whitaker, T.B.,Dickens, J.W., Wiser, E.H. (1976). Monte carlo technique to simulate aflatoxin testing programs for peanuts. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 53, 545-547.

Whitaker, T.B., Dowell, F.E., Hagler, Jr., W.M., Giesbrecht, F.G., and Wu, J. (1994). Variability associated with sampling, sample preparation, and chemical testing for aflatoxin in farmers' stock peanuts. J. AOAC Int. 77, 107-116.

Whitaker, T.B., Hagler, Jr., W.M., Giesbrecht, F.G., and Johansson, A.S. (2000). Sampling, sampling preparation, and analytical variability associated with testing wheat for deoxynivalenol. J. AOAC Int. 83, 1285-1992.

Whitaker, T.B., Hagler, Jr., W.M., Johansson, A.S., Giesbrecht, F.G., and Trucksess, M.W. (2001). Distribution among sample test results when testing shelled. corn lots for fumonisin. J. AOAC Int. 84, 770-776.

Whitaker, T.B., Trucksess, M.W, Giesbrecht, F.G., Slate, A.B. and Thomas, F.S. (2004). Evaluation of sampling plans to detect Cry9C protein in corn flour and meal. J. AOAC Int. 87, 950-960.

 
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